The course deals with general concepts of living organisms with reference to plants; Description of some concepts in Crop Botany; types of cells; Anatomy of the cell; cell wall, cytoplasm; function of cell organelles; nucleus of the cell; Cell division - mitosis; meiosis; types of plant tissues and characteristics; Morphology of the root; Anatomy of the dicot and monocot roots; Secondary thickening of the root; The soil and the root system; Morphology and functions of the stem; Anatomy of the dicot and monocot stems; Secondary thickening and modifications of the stem; functions of the leaf; Anatomy and morphology of the monocot and dicot leaf; Transpiration, conduction and absorption; parts of a typical flower; Variations in floral structure; symmetry and reduction and modifications of parts; The development of the flower; Pollination – agents, modifications, and types of pollination; Fertilization; Fruit development and structure of the fruit; Classification and types of fruits; Dissemination of seeds and fruits; Development of the seed; seed germination; Sugarcane, Rice, Citrus Fruits and Pineapples; taxonomy; binomial system of classification. The course provides understanding of plant metabolic reactions, physiological processes, their role, and plant adaptations to different environments. Specific topics covered include; Plant metabolic processes, definition and rationale of photosynthesis, Types of Photosynthesis in green plants, leaf, adaptations for photosynthesis, factors that influence photosynthesis, comparison between photosynthesis and respiration; cellular respiration, mineral nutrition, Nitrogen metabolism and growth analysis, Environmental plant physiology: effects of temperature, salt and water stress and the implications of globally rising carbon dioxide; movement mechanisms in and out of plant cells, and within plants.
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